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Portfolio
The classic operating laboratory for responsibility centers, policy-versus-operations separation, portfolio coordination, and the information architecture required for decentralization.
How can a federation of product divisions act autonomously while remaining one enterprise?
P&G's brand-management system gave focused managers responsibility for a product and joined market sensing, advertising, finance, manufacturing, and distribution around that unit. It developed general managers and responsiveness while creating internal rivalry and incentives to treat consumers and social costs as variables of brand performance.
How can a consumer-products company give focused ownership to a product while sharing manufacturing, research, sales, and corporate capabilities?