InstitutionClaim Cited
Malaysia's Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA)
Malaysia's FELDA joined public land, long-term credit, housing, technical management, settlement services, processing infrastructure, and commodity marketing into a route from rural landlessness to smallholder ownership. It raised many settler families' incomes and built new communities, while centralized crop choices, plantation expansion, ethnic distribution, debt, ecological conversion, and restrictive inheritance bounded whose autonomy the model produced.
What must a public land-settlement institution coordinate so that a plot becomes a durable livelihood rather than an isolated transfer of acreage?