InstitutionClaim Cited
3M
From Richard Drew's unauthorized tape experiments to Art Fry and Spencer Silver's Post-it Note, 3M built a company that often let technical employees keep anomalous work alive and carry it across divisions. The PFAS record marks the boundary of that achievement: scientific freedom did not give evidence of harm the authority to halt a profitable chemistry.
How can a diversified industrial company make patient technical exploration routine without allowing freedom, metrics, or commercial success to hide harm?