InstitutionClaim Cited
Botswana's kgotla assemblies
Botswana's kgotla survived by changing from an assembly whose public designation grounded chiefly legitimacy into a statutory forum for consultation, customary justice, and public accountability. Serowe's 1949 designation of Seretse Khama and Ba-Ga-Malete's later Forest Hill campaign show both sides of that transformation: communal speech can create legitimacy, but it changes a state decision only when another institution carries it into law, administration, or judgment.
How did the kgotla change from a forum whose designation grounded a chief's local legitimacy into a statutory forum that can question government but cannot by itself bind national power?