InstitutionClaim Cited
Dutch Republic through the Disaster Year
From the Union of Utrecht to the Disaster Year of 1672, the Dutch Republic coordinated war and commerce through sovereign provinces, oligarchic cities, urban credit, and chartered companies rather than one settled center; the same coalition that protected local privileges built imperial monopolies abroad and fractured under invasion at home.
How did provinces, cities, regents, merchants, and the House of Orange build common power without one sovereign center, and why did their coalition break in 1672?